RELUNG MULTIDIMENSI

MULTIDIMENSIONAL NICHE

Hutchinson (1957) defined a niche as a region (n-dimensional hypervolume) in a multi-dimensional space of environmental factors that affect the welfare of a species.
There are 3 adaptations of physiological adaptation, structural morphology adaptation, and behavior adaptation.
Physiological adaptation is related to the physiological processes in an organism such as the enzymes produced in the digestive system.
For example in ruminant animals. Ruminant animals can digest cellulose because the digestive system contains cellulase enzyme. This is related to the surrounding environmental factors that require ruminant animals to eat grass so that he can survive.
Structural morphology adaptation is associated with a form of change in the morphology such as camouflage and mimicry.
For example camouflage that is at Leaf Gecko (Uroplatus phantasticus) that mimics dry leaves so that he is not caught by predators.

As for the mimicry there are 2 ie Mullerian mimicry and Batesian mimicry. Mullerian mimicry is that there are two different types of different species that are both toxic that have the same morphological appearance (usually has a bright body color) that will confuse predators of both species. For example the Viceroy butterfly (top) and Monarch butterfly (bottom).

Batesian mimicry that there is an organism that mimics the appearance of a poisonous organism so that predators will not dare eat it. For example Papilio polytes (top) and Pachliopta aristolochiae (bottom).


Behavior adaptation is related to the behavior of an organism in the environment in order to survive for example related to instinct and learning.
For example in killer whales (Orcinus orca). Killer whales use their instincts to hunt. Before the hunting process the parent will teach you how to catch the prey so that the child can capture the prey properly.
2. Yes, there is but there will be competition within the niche. In the fierce competition, each type enhances the efficiency of the way of life, and each one becomes more specialist ie the niche narrows.